Western Education in Nigeria - British Conquest. British Conquest and Resistance of Izzi People. Western Education in Nigeria – In 1.
A Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict. The following is a very short synopsis of the history of this conflict. We recommend that you also read the much more. Alfred Newman (1901-1970) : Captain from Castile, concert suite from his film music (1947) - Duration: 18:19. British government proclaimed the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria and the colony and protectorate of Lagos, today known as the federation of Nigeria. This declaration was easier made than enforced. The attempt to enforce the declaration culminated in a series of conflicts between the colonial government and the various peoples of Nigeria. To order the Complete Project Material, Pay thr Sum of N3,0. BANK NAME: FIRST BANK PLCACCOUNT NAME: CHIBUZOR TOCHI ONYEMENAMACCOUNT NUMBER: 3. Then send the Project Topic, Your Email Address and Full Name to 0. The various peoples of Nigeria challenged the British incursion. This was how the different people of Abakaliki of which Izzi clan is a part found themselves dragged into the wars of resistence against British rule. As the people remained hostile to foreign domination, the British colonial government embarked on the piecemeal conquest of different villages and groups in Abakaliki area. However, the Izzi first came into contact with the British government in 1. District it officer, Obubra, Mr. C. W Partridge was invited by the Anmachi community to protect them against the Igbeagu who were attacking them. This request by the Anmachi community was honored by the British officials who settled the dispute. The main British encounter with the people of Izzi, Ezza, Ikwo and Ishielu clans and other North- eastern Igbo occurred in 1. It was from Afikpo, Ediba (Itigidi), and Obubra areas of Cross River basin that the pressure on these clans to surrender their sovereignty was mounted. Meanwhile, the British sought their way to more friendly Izzi clan. According to Van Steensel, there was not much resistence from the Izzi clan. It seen that some Izzi elements even requested for their coming and expected some help from them against the expansion drift of the Ezza. They came and made their camp at the hill of Abakaliki. It was this base camp that became the British headquarters in the Abakaliki areas. The headquarters became known as Abakaliki, a name derived from a combination of the villages of Abakaliki and Nkaleke, on whose land the base camp was established. And the first District Commissioner for Abakaliki in 1. Mr. A. C Douglas. Indeed, the colonial government chose Abakaliki as their permanent headquarters because it was a place with good water supply and a dominating hill useful for a defensive post. Voluntary and forced labour of the Izzi and other conquered clans were used to erect building for administrative headquarter. After Ishielu was conquered in 1. Ishielu were working daily for the erection of structures. They also made efforts to restore normal peaceful situations by the delineation of permanent boundaries to prevent constant reoccurrence of conflicts. They demarcated the boundaries in conflict between Ebyia and Ezza; between Ida and Oshopo; between Igbeagu and Okum; between Enyigba and Ikwo; between Iseke and Effium; between Iseke and Okwogu, Iseks and Echara and Nkaleke communities. Judicial System Before 1947 '' We are trying to give a good government to people of India to whom we cannot give a free government.'' --Macauly. Appointment of Warrant Chiefs. After the British conquest of various people of Abakaliki, they discovered that, as in most part of Igboland, there were no centralized authorities to work with. Consequently, the colonial government decided to appoint warrant chiefs. This was an attempt at ruling indirectly through indigenous institutions and personnels. It was also an attempt to reduce the cost of administration and ensure the maintenance of law and order among the people. The British overlord appointed indigenous an chiefs over the conquered clans and sub- clans. They gave them special written warrants as rulers. In Izzi chief Igboji Ola of Igbeagu was one of the early warrant chief in the area. Another of these early warrant chiefs in Izzi was Chita Alidor who was appointed between 1. Chita Alidor of Izzi clan was made a warrant chief between 1. British officials in Abakaliki. He was a renounced soldier and a magician who made sporadic attacks on the camps of the colonial troops. He was appointed a warrant chief in order to distract him from using age grade and league of medicine man against the colonial administration. Thus, only few of these warrant chief appointed during this period in Izzi were traditional priest (Uke) who would traditionally have been the right people for these posts. Establishment of Native Courts. Native courts as instrument of British colonialism began to flourish in Abakaliki Division in 1. Abakaliki Divisional headquarters. It was also on record that the first recorded judgment in the Abakaliki Divisional court was made on November 1. The Norman Conquest - History games, revision quizzes and worksheets for KS3, GCSE, IB and A-Level school children! British political officer in charge. However, with the establishment of the Native courts, the frame work for the colonial government and subsequent native authority was laid in Abakaliki. From this focal point, the British officials moved into the interior parts of the various clan in the areas to appoint warrant chiefs and to establish Native courts. In 1. 92. 3, a Native court was built near Nkwagu market in Izzi clan for the surrounding area of Izzi. And by the late 1. Iboko Izzi. 12. In these Native courts, the warrant chiefs administered Justice on behalf of the British colonial rulers. The Beginning of Western Education. According to S. O Osoba and A Fajana “this foreign variety of education has co- existed ever since with different forms of indigenous education, but has progressively gained importance during the 2. British interests Christian Missions, commerce and formal colonization because firmly entrenched. The fortunes and significance of western type education were affected by a Welter of objective social, cultural, economic and political factors operating in the various Nigeria societies, just as the entire Nigerian society was itself significantly influenced and altered by the impact of this imported brand of education. According to Crowder, though western education was to improve in its impacts the most radical of all the innovations introduced by the colonial powers, education as such was not foreign to African society 1. Thus, it is obvious that traditional system of education was already existing in various parts of Africa before the coming of western education. However, the introduction of western education in Nigeria could be dated to the 1. European Christian missions made their first successful and enduring incursions into the territories bordering the Atlantic Ocean 1. Christian missions as the pioneer of western education in Nigeria recognized on their arrival that the task of converting the adults to Christianity would be a Herculean one, and so, turned their attention to the children whom they hoped to catch through school education. It was therefore, a familiar strategy that when a mission established a new post any where in this area, one of the first facilities it endeavoured to provide was a school. Therefore, various Christian missions operating in Abakaliki deemed it necessary to educate the people through western education because, without such education the people particularly the Izzi would not be able to read and understand the Bible. The Growth of Western Education in Izzi Clan. The growth under colonial rule. Unlike some areas of Nigeria, especially the coastal and riverine areas of south eastern Nigeria and Yoruba land, the advent of Christian missions into Abakaliki was delayed by two main factors. These factors were the geographical position of the area and the hostility of the people towards the white man. Abakaliki district is not connected to the coast by a major river which could have facilitate transportation and communication. Abakaliki is more or less land locked with the exception of some Ikwo villages. The people were also very suspicious of the Europeans whom they feared would tamper with their lands. The Christian missions, however, made some early efforts to establish their presence in Abakaliki district after the colonial conquest of the area. For instance, the first attempt by catholic missionaries to penetrate areas of Afikpo and Abakaliki dated back to 1. The efforts made by father Francis Howel were thwarted by the refusal of the local leaders who argued that such a religion interfered with their religion and customs. Another proneering effort was made from Udi between 1. Eke parish in Udi made attempts to establish in Abakaliki town. Reverend Father Davey of Eke parish used to visit Abakaliki on Sundays on a motorcycle for his third mass. Abakaliki was then an out station of the parish at Eke in Udi. During this period, the congregation of the catholic church was formed in the area mainly from among the non- Abakaliki Igbo in the town. Despite these early efforts however, Christianity could not take strong roots in Abakaliki due among other things to the deep roots of traditional way of worshipping gods in the area. The strong adherence of the people to the traditional and ancestral ways of worship militated against the spread of Christianity in parts of the former Abakaliki division. By the 1. 92. 0’s however, missionary activities began to make some progress among the indigenous citizens of Abakaliki clans. As we are already aware, the Christian missions were responsible for the introduction of western education in Abakaliki district and Izzi local government in particular. The Christian missions could not carry out effectively the business of teaching the people the gospel of Christ without first of all teaching them how to read and write. The Roman catholic mission started this work in Abakaliki district with the establishment of the Iboko in Izzi), Ajaga, Amagu (Ezza), Ibudu (Ikwo) and Akataka mission school in the year 1. Evang. Groetz who was the manager of the Roman catholic mission schools, Ogoja. According to Nwede Leonard, the Methodist church established their first school and church at Nkalagu road junction in the year 1.
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